Planeamento Fiscal nas operações relativas a instrumentos financeiros derivados e a sua tributação

Mestrado em FiscalidadeEsta dissertação tem por objetivo a análise e um estudo sobre o planeamento fiscal no âmbito das Operações relativas a instrumentos financeiros derivados (doravante referido como "IFD") e a sua tributação em sede de IRS, salientando-se a importância da função e objectivo da cobertura de risco, nos termos do artigo 49.º do CIRC. De facto, trata-se de um tema actual e de grande relevância, no âmbito de um contexto económico e fiscal a nível internacional, sobre o qual muito tem sido debatido e discutido, acerca das causas nefastas, devido a um planeamento fiscal abusivo, resultando numa concorrência fiscal prejudicial e no impacto da actual crise financeira mundial. Neste trabalho, prentende-se, em primeiro lugar, efectuar uma breve e sucinta distinção entre evasão e fraude fiscais, com alusão à liberdade de gestão fiscal, os respectivos deveres de comunicação e as normas anti-abuso, enquanto balizas e barreiras ao planeamento fiscal, com vista a combater-se os mais variados e complexos esquemas de planeamento fiscal abusivo. Sem olvidar, que os instrumentos legislativos de reacção contra os comportamentos fiscais abusivos, que têm em vista evitar uma utilização abusiva das leis fiscais, tendo em conta as formas inadequadas de negócios jurídicos realizados por razões de ordem fiscal, tais como a simulação em matéria fiscal, a fraude à lei e negócios indirectos, onde nestes últimos, estão enquadrados os IDF1. Em segundo lugar, visa-se definir e caracterizar alguns IFD - os swaps, futuros e opções (incluindo-se nestes os warrants) - efectuando uma abordagem à tributação directa dos IFD no sistema fiscal português e angolano, tendo em conta as recentes alterações fiscais, nesta matéria, efectuadas em ambos os sistemas fiscais, mencionando a utilização dos mesmos como instrumentos de planeamento fiscal, assim como a possibilidade de utilização de paraísos fiscais, de forma lícita ou evasiva. Com efeito, tendo em conta o fenómeno da globalização económica que se tem manifestado, trata-se de uma matéria com grande complexidade, dada a sua problemática em termos fiscais, atendendo à «dinâmica do mercado de capitais e a oferta diversificada de instrumentos financeiros derivados»2.The aim of this dissertation is the analysis and study of tax planning in operations related to derivatives financial instruments (henceforth referred to as "DFI") and its taxation on personal income tax, highlighting the importance of the purpose and function of hedging in risk, in accordance with article 49 of the Corporate Income Tax Code. In fact, this is a current topic and of great relevance, in the context of economic and tax at an international level, on which much has been debated and discussed about the damaging effects due to abusive tax planning, resulting in harmful tax competition and the impact of the current global financial crisis. Firstly, in this work, I intend to make a brief and succinct distinction between tax avoidance and tax fraud, with reference to fiscal management freedom, their communication duties and the anti-abuse rules, as landmarks and barriers to tax planning, in order to combat the most varied and complex abusive tax planning schemes. The legislative instruments of the reaction against abusive tax behaviors, with order to avoid an abusive use of tax laws, relatively the inadequate forms of legal transactions, performed for fiscal order reasons, such as the simulation in tax matters, legis fraus and indirect business which integrate DFI. Secondly, the objective is to define and characterize some DFI - swaps, futures and options (including the warrants) - performing an approach of the DFI direct taxation in the portuguese and angolan tax system, taking into account the recent tax changes in this area, carried out in both tax systems, mentioning their utilization as tax planning instruments, as well as the possible use of tax havens, lawfully or evasively. Indeed, taking into account the economic globalization phenomenon which has manifested itself, it's a matter of great complexity, given its problematic in fiscal terms, given the dynamics of the capital market and the diversity offer of DFI

Multiple cerebral aneurysms originating from previously resected cardiac myxoma

Primary cardiac tumors are very rare, accounting for 0,001 – 0,03% in autopsy series, cardiac myxoma (CM) account for approximately 50% of them. Association between CM and cerebral aneurism is well documented in this condition but the occurrence of cerebral aneurism after resection of CM is very rare there is only 40 reports in medical literature. We present a case of 45 years old female patient with multiple cerebral aneurysms 2 years after a successful resection of cardiac myxoma, submitted to radiosurgery for 2 bigger aneurisms with good result. This report ads to literature new clinical findings and a hypothesis of radiosurgery as an effective option of treatment for cerebral aneurisms with origin in CM.Primary cardiac tumors are very rare, accounting for 0,001 – 0,03% in autopsy series, cardiac myxoma (CM) account for approximately 50% of them. Association between CM and cerebral aneurysm is well documented in this condition but the occurrence of cerebral aneurysm after resection of CM is very rare, with only 40 reports in medical literature. We present a case of a 45 years old female patient with multiple cerebral aneurysms 2 years after a successful resection of cardiac myxoma, submitted to radiosurgery for 2 bigger aneurysms with good results. This report ads to literature new clinical findings and a hypothesis of radiosurgery as an effective option of treatment for cerebral aneurysms with origin in CM. Keywords: Cardiac Myxoma; Cerebral aneurysm; Radiosurgery; Neurosurgery.Keywords: Cardiac Myxoma; Cerebral aneurism; Radiosurgery; Neurosurgery

Brazilian guidelines for endovascular treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke

ABSTRACT These guidelines are the result of a joint effort from writing groups of the Brazilian Stroke Society, the Scientific Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, the Brazilian Stroke Network and the Brazilian Society of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology. Members from these groups participated in web-based discussion forums with predefined themes, followed by videoconference meetings in which controversies and position statements were discussed, leading to a consensus. This guidelines focuses on the implications of the recent clinical trials on endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke due to proximal arterial occlusions, and the final text aims to guide health care providers, health care managers and public health authorities in managing patients with this condition in Brazil

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author